It is a sign that formal authority is ineffectual and that checks. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford handbooks. Indeed, poverty is associated with terrorism in nigeria and is mediated through condition of low political and economic freedom. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa start. It adopted phenomenography as a research methodology in its approach to discussing its subject matter. The threat of terrorist acts affects the development of industry, business and agriculture. Corruption, which breeds violent extremism and terrorism, is a radicalizer in itself, as it destroys faith in a legitimate government and aids the narratives of the perpetrators. These factors were according to this paper symptomatic rather than causative. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria african. Sandler 2008 shows that terrorism causes economic activity to diverge from investment spending to government spending on terrorism, mainly. Effects of boko haram insurgencyterrorism in business. The background to this subject has given us the opportunity of predicting the possible causes and effects of terrorism in nigeria. Combating terrorism in africa by maxim worcester political and economic environment to 2015 the underlying structural causes of state weakness in subsaharan africa relatively low population densities, problematic population distribution and poor infrastructure will remain.
This report focuses on two main terrorist groups, namely, isisdaesh in the middle east and beyond, and boko haram in nigeria and west africa. The international summit on democracy, terrorism and security 8 11march2005madrid. The possible causes of insecurity in nigeria such as bad governance, corruption, graduate unemployment, among others pointed out by other writers were highlighted. This article is useful for curious knowledge seekers, researchers as well as policymakers in nigeria. Testimony submitted for the record senate appropriations subcommittee on. Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation. First, it explains briefly why it is difficult to find a universally acceptable definition of terrorism. Top 5 effects of terrorism on daily life the greatest manifestation in the modern world has islamist terrorism islamic state, al qaeda, etc. In view of the devastating causes and effects of terrorism, the need for a holistic. The paper further explains the concepts of terrorism and insecurity with. The chapter goes further to proffer solutions to the insurgencies of this terrorist group. Civil wars and ethnic conflicts continue to torment the continent and killed more people than reported.
Bothered by these causes and effects of terrorism in modern time, a german dramatist and social critic gotthold ephraim lessing 17291781 who was a son of a protestant minister and one of the. Jan 31, 2019 causes and effects of insecurity in nigeria with solution in this post, we take a look at the insecurity problem in the country with a view of identifying the causes and effects of insecurity in nigeria. Corruption and state neglect of the masses are some other causes of terrorism in nigeria. The causes and consequences of violent extremism and the. The effects of insecurity and poverty scholarlink research. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. The effect of terrorism has posed a big threat to government, local businesses and. Abstract terrorism is the premeditated use or threat to use violence by individuals or subnational groups against non.
Boko haram is a terrorist organization which caused the loss of lives and properties in northern nigeria, while others considered it as insurgent group financed by foreign nationals to spoil the image of islam and muslims. Violence is used by terrorists as a means of instilling fear or phobia into the hearts of the masses in a community. Terrorists in nigeria create more unsafe places, that make the living environment very adverse. Above all, we anticipate and believe that nigeria will scale and pull through the age of terrorism someday. These indirect effects pose the greatest potential threat to the activities of firms the effects of terrorism on the commerce and business according to nitsch schumacher 2004 can be gathered. Isisdaesh and boko haram ewelina ochab and kelsey zorzi report 23 september 2016 executive summary recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful terrorist groups, notably, isisdaesh in the middle east and boko haram in west africa. Effects of terrorism in africa and effects of terrorism on economy are so great.
Pdf abstract terrorism is presently a major challenge in nigeria. Only those with liberated minds will understand, irrespective of their tribe or religion. These violent activities have obvious negative effects on society and its populace. Unfortunately, all the types of terrorism can be seen in nigeria. What are the causes of and solutions for terrorism.
While terrorism is a global phenomenon, africa seems to bear the greatest brunt of it, largely due to limited military resources and ongoing economic deprivation, which has lured many young people. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1 chuku chuku, dominic abang, and imaabasi isip jel codes. There are examples of militancy and vandalism in the niger delta area as the manifestation of political and economic terrorism. Mar 08, 2017 this situation is a dimension of economic and cultural terrorism. The use of terrorism for political reason is a serious threat to international peace and security. Causes of terrorism handout 3 profile of a terrorist. Terrorism as a manifestation of conflict could be a historically persistent phenomena with roots in the past. Effects of terrorism on the international business in nigeria international journal of. Groups may adhere to the same underlying ideology but differ remarkably in organizational. Terrorism is a grave threat to any nations growth and development, as well as the welfare of its citizens. African countries have experienced relatively high levels of terrorism. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a strong british, european, and.
Sep 28, 2011 the use of terrorism for political reason is a serious threat to international peace and security. Nigeria seems to meet the criterion of a failed states such as somalia. History of kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria causes. Terrorism has been an intense threat in nigeria that causes has fathomed been researched to be from a lot of existing challenges of which the two basic challenges are political and religious war. This section will enable us appreciate the dimensions to terrorism cited above. Religion is the most ironic cause of terrorism, but its followers believe that they are doing the work of their god. Impact of terrorism on economic development in africa. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Abstract this article examines the causes and effect of transborder crime on nigeria s security. In this post, we take a look at the insecurity problem in the country with a view of identifying the causes and effects of insecurity in nigeria. It has also show that the prevailing concept of ubi jus ibi remedium has provided the basis and ground for civil actions being maintained in terrorism.
In line with theories of deprivation, the study found that. First, though, we need to understand what causes terrorism. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Ikezue and ezeah 2017 investigated the causes and effects of pastoral. One can have a perfectly beautiful cause and yet if one commits terrorist acts, it is terrorism regardless. Nigerians and nonnigerians are being killed on daily bases in their numbers. Effects of terrorism on the international business in nigeria.
Terrorism has been linked to the theory of deprivation, but the extent to which terrorism is. One of the major effects of terrorism in nigeria is fear. But the slaves of the fulanis will read this, yet they cannot understand. Groups, activities, and politics adeyemi bukola oyeniyi abstract while global attention is focused on embassy bombing, aircraft hijacking and 911 terroristsattack kind of terrorism, equally devastating terrorist activities with equally devastating impacts are daily swept under the carpet in africa. Understanding the emerging trends aderonke, majekodunmi department of political science, faculty of social science university of lagos, akoka, lagos, nigeria email. But even more terrible effect of terrorism is a threat to peoples lives. Causes and effects of terrorism in nigeria research cyber. The impact of terrorism in nigeria is felt mostly in the north eastern. Abstract this work studied both the variables that led to the emergence of terrorism in nigeria and some strategies to be used in combating it. These indirect effects pose the greatest potential threat to the activities of firms the effects of terrorism on the commerce and business according to nitsch schumacher 2004 can be gathered under 3 topics. Many civilians suffer from terrorist attacks, we can see killings, kidnapping, and thefts of property. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping. Loosely defined, terrorism is the use of violence to further a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population.
Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. As terrorism is a form of conflict, the extent to which particular historical events drive current conflicts could render history as a cause of terrorism in africa. As a result of terrorist acts, we have a number of problems that prevent the development of the regions suffering because of attacks. The paper is structured into six sections, starting with this introductory part. The penultimate chapter examines the causes of their actions, the socioeconomic and religious effects on the peoples and government of nigeria. In an effort to assist teachers in helping their students identify and understand terrorism, the united states institute of. This chapter examines the causes and consequences of terrorism in africa, and considers the extent to which existing evidence rationalizes the various explanations for it, and its implications for counterterrorism policy in africa. Analysis on the effect of terrorism in nigeria by edikan. Causes of terrorism in pakistan a developing nation like nigeria and other developing countries are faced with many problems since their inception and some of them sow their dragon teeth in the soil of nigeria to give birth to terrorism such as. Dealing with terrorism has become the centerpiece of u.
Neglected underlying issues in a society culminate over time to lead to the conflict and violent activities that are the hallmark of insurgency. Aug 22, 2018 terrorism has been an intense threat in nigeria that causes has fathomed been researched to be from a lot of existing challenges of which the two basic challenges are political and religious war. Terrorism can take multiple forms and have many causes, often more than one. Xraying nigerian armys unmatched record in counterterrorism. It became rampant in the late 90s and further culminating in todays epidemic proportion. Definition of terrorism terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce o government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. History and root causes of terrorism in africa introduction the aim of this paper is fourfold. Aug 16, 2016 to draw the curtain, we have been able to show the various definitions of terrorism, the brief history activities effects of terrorism in our dear country and the world at large. Unemployment causes social frustration, dejection, dependency on family and desperation that forced youths to embark on bad social attitudes of violent crimes, assault, burglary, extortion, kidnapping, terrorism, militancy, destruction of lives and recently insurgency of boko haram.
Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria. The report presents the scope of the atrocities committed by both terrorist groups and the effect of the atrocities on the enjoyment of human rights in the affected regions, and beyond. While this paper recognizes that there are other predisposing variables like economic marginalization, ethnic and religious fanaticism which influence terrorism, we contend that official corruption, state neglect and impunity, poverty and unemployment constitute the main causes of terrorism in nigeria. The cause of terrorism today and for a long time is religion, than government oppression, and then idiots. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 3 the henry jackson society the henry jackson society is a crosspartisan thinktank based in london. While domestic terrorism is that which is carried out against ones own government or fellow citizens, international terrorism is. Terrorism in nigeria has had adverse impacts on economic growth, investment, and tourism. Northern nigeria is commonly seen as one of the root causes of militant. Daily life receives the most major shock due to the huge numbers of dead people and injured ones. May 23, 2014 one of the major effects of terrorism in nigeria is fear. Department of economics, kogi state university, anyiba, kogi state, nigeria. It was concluded that inadequate economic growth is the main cause of poverty and insecurity in nigeria. The possible causes of insecurity in nigeria such as bad governance. Abstract terrorism is presently a major challenge in nigeria.
The increase in the rise in smuggling, arms trafficking. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping in nigeria. Thus in this paper, internal security crisis as it relates to its causes, types, effects and solutions seems a more sensible starting point in addressing the threat to nigeria s existence. The history is as old as humans willingness to use violence to effect politics. Terrorism, economic growth, transfer functions, counter terrorism expenditure, structural. The only solution is to convert to their religion, or get killed.
Kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria was unknown in the early years of nigeria s independence in 1960. Haram terrorism and fulani herdsmen attacks in nigeria, international journal of. Terrorism is different from other types of violence in these four typical ways. The effects of cybercrimes on organizations, the society and the country in general include reducing the competitive edge of organizations, waste of production time and damage to the image of the country. It can be said that terrorism sets out as a means of all spheres influence, in particular, daily life of common citizens of nigeria towns. Causes, origin and effects dedication i dedicate this to my father, mr gabriel chukwuemeka eze acknowledgement i would like to express my gratitude to my father who played a major role in getting this research done. Groups, activities, and politics adeyemi bukola oyeniyi abstract while global attention is focused on embassy bombing, aircraft hijacking and 911 terroristsattack kind of terrorism, equally devastating terrorist activities with equally devastating.
In doing this, the paper discusses the central role that security plays in the development of nations for which nigeria cannot be an exception. Terrorism in the northern part of nigeria is even more violent. If you look at kidnapping and terrorism you will understand from its definition that it reflects a breakdown in law an order in society. Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation and understanding of terrorism in africa. In addition, there are factors that made other people to join terrorism and the effects of it. In this article, we investigate public opinion about the root causes of terrorism. Identify the role of ideology, psychology, and rationality in terrorism be acquainted with the profile of the terrorist materials each student will need. The western world is inexperienced in africa that is why they ascribed the cause of terrorism to poverty. Terrorism is defined as a phenomenon whereby violence is used in achieving a particular political goal.
Apr 11, 2015 terrorism causes, effects, and solutions 1. What are the effects of terrorism in nigeria answers. Arpn journal of science and technologycybercrime in nigeria. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford. Terrorism, perception, root causes, objectives, boko haram, nigeria. Haram, its causes, recruitment, ideology, area of operation and the ways through which the problem can be solved. As a result, this situation adversely affects the economy of the country. As at now, there is no universally accepted definition of terrorism. Corruption is an important challenge for nigeria, with impacts throughout the. When considering the concept of terrorism, it is important to note that as yet, there is no global consensus regarding an agreed definition. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Although the government and security agents claim to be on top of the situation, the problem still persists.
An attack can be rooted in religious, social, or political conflicts such as when one community is oppressed by another. The third section focuses on causes of terrorism and insurgency. Types of terrorism in nigeria and causes information. Analysis on the effect of terrorism in nigeria by edikan ekanem. Yet terrorism, its definition, causes, and methods of dealing with it, has rarely been dealt with in high school courses. Terrorist organizations and some radical criminals create a very unsafe situation. Terrorism causes, effects, and solutions slideshare. The unfortunate reality is that terrorism has gone global and every world citizen is equally susceptible and vulnerable. Here you will see the meaning, causes, effects and possible ways to combat it in nigeria. The causes and consequences of violent extremism and the role of foreign assistance. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. With nigeria venturing into cashless society, there is a need for cybercrimes menace to be minimized if not completely eradicated.
The atmosphere of distrust that the terrorists bring forth increase the business running costs. Nigeria an overview of challenges to peace and security. While terrorism is still in active around the globe, what has causes this dreadful act that harm many people live and property and what are the reasons behind this keet 2003 stated that one of the causes is formation of nationalist or separatist. Domestic and international terrorism are condiciones sine quibus non for discussing terrorism in the nigerian context. People are afraid, because the never know when the terrorists will strike or what they are going to do next. Insecurity the need for security was the basis of the social contract between the citizens and the state, in which people willingly surrendered their rights to the government who oversees the survival. In fact, none of the thirteen major multilateral conventions on terrorism defined terrorism.
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